Science and religion address different but complementary aspects of existence. Science explores the “what”—the processes and mechanisms of the universe—while religion focuses on the “why,” offering insights into purpose, morality, and spiritual meaning. In Judaism, these realms coexist harmoniously, with the Torah serving as a guide for ethical and spiritual living rather than a scientific account.
Judaism incorporates scientific theories like the Big Bang and evolution by viewing them as expressions of divine orchestration. Unlike historical conflicts in other traditions, such as Christianity’s resistance to Galileo, Judaism integrates scientific discoveries without compromising its beliefs. The paradoxes of free will and divine providence in Torah parallel scientific dualities, like Newtonian determinism and quantum uncertainty, highlighting the unity of physical and spiritual realms.
While the Torah describes creation in six days, Jewish thought recognizes that these “days” are not bound to 24-hour periods, particularly since the sun and moon were created later. Additionally, Jewish mystical teachings suggest cycles of earlier worlds, aligning Torah concepts with evidence of Earth’s ancient origins. Adam’s uniqueness is rooted in the divine soul, emphasizing humanity’s spiritual essence beyond physical evolution.
Ultimately, science and Torah complement each other, offering a holistic understanding of existence. Science reveals the intricacies of the universe, while the Torah provides moral and spiritual purpose, affirming the sanctity of life and humanity’s divine role in creation