The central theme of the analysis begins with the mitzvah of lighting the neiros (lamps) in the Mishkan and the question posed by Chazal: If God does not need our light, why does He command us to kindle the lamps?
Instead of answering directly, the Sfas Emes focuses on the underlying premise of the question: the fact that human actions, particularly ma’asim tovim (good deeds), illuminate the world. However, he warns against a mistaken perspective: the light we generate does not stem from our own power but rather from the fact that Hashem has decreed that mitzvot bring light into the world. This is not an inherent property of our actions but an effect established by God.
This idea connects to the verse in Mishlei (6:23), “Ki neir mitzva veTorah ohr” (“For a mitzvah is a lamp, and the Torah is light”). The Zohar explains that the 248 positive mitzvot correspond to the 248 limbs of the human body, as each mitzvah requires a physical action. When we perform mitzvot, our bodies become vessels for the light of the Torah. But where does this light come from? The Sfas Emes answers that the mind of every Jew is naturally connected to the light of the Torah.
An additional connection is revealed through gematria: adding two essential elements in the fulfillment of mitzvot—ahavah (love) and yir’ah (awe)—to the numerical value of 248 (the positive mitzvot) results in 250, which corresponds to the word neir (lamp). This further reinforces the link between mitzvot and the spiritual light they generate.
Finally, the Sfas Emes explores the connection between mitzvah and tzavta (connection). The term mitzvah does not only mean a commandment but also serves as a means to connect with God. Through mitzvot, every physical action we take can become part of spirituality. The Chidushei HaRim, the grandfather of the Sfas Emes, adds another dimension: the text of the berachah on mitzvot (asher kideshanu bemitzvosav vetzivanu) can be understood as an indication that God grants us the ability to fulfill His commandments due to our connection (tzivui) with Him.
The Sfas Emes’ core message is that mitzvot are not merely commandments but instruments for bringing light into the world and connecting with God. However, this light does not originate from us; it exists solely because God has decreed it, and only through His will can our actions have a spiritual impact.